THE RAILWAY TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN (FOR THE 100-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY)

The article gives a short description of the history of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It covers the situation on Russia’s railways in the second half of the 19th century and debatable questions related to the selection of railway alignment, its function and financing of construction. The article also contains the information about work progress, its scale and construction costs

THE RAILWAY TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN (FOR THE 100-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY)

The article gives a short description of the history of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It covers the situation on Russia’s railways in the second half of the 19th century and debatable questions related to the selection of railway alignment, its function and financing of construction. The article also contains the information about work progress, its scale and construction costs

The formation of the methodology for the economic optimization of managerial decisions on transport

The urgency of the development of transport communications and the need to optimize their work, to develop a methodology for the study of transport as a specific industry has been substantiated. The issues of emergence and evolution of methods of economic research in transport in the context of general scientific methodology at various historical stages of development of domestic and foreign science have been considered. The characteristic of views of domestic and foreign scientists and experts on formal and substantial-essential methods of research has been given. The basic principles of a systematic approach to solving complex scientific and practical problems in the fieldof transport have been outlined

Coefficients Quantization at Off-axis Digital Hologram Wavelet Compression

Digital holographic information is compressed for storage of 2D- or 3D-objects amplitude and phase distributions, fast transmission, analyzing and displaying of these data. In this paper features of application of wavelet transforms for off-axis digital holograms compression are considered. The combined technique based on zero and twin orders elimination, wavelet compression of the amplitude and phase components of obtained Fourier spectrum and further additional compression of wavelet coefficients by thresholding and quantization is analyzed. Numerical experiments on reconstruction of images from the compressed holograms are performed. The comparative analysis of applicability of various wavelets and additional quantization of coefficients is performed. Obtained results demonstrate possibility of 180 and more times compression using iterative and noniterative methods of coefficients quantization and threshold zeroing less 80% of wavelet coefficients. Keywords: digital holography, hologram compression, wavelets, quantization, thresholding, digital image processing

Editorial: Remembering Natalya Nikolaevna Vygodskaya

As the Guest Editor I want to dedicate this Special Issue in memory of my university professor Natalya Nikolaevna Vygodskaya (Figure 1) [...

The comparative analysis of the classification systems of waste in the Russian Federation and the European Union

This paper presents an analytical study of the Russian and European waste accounting systems. There was made the comparative analysis of the waste classifications, which was based on the Decree of the Ministry of the Russian Federation and the European Union directives, with a view to further harmonisation in the field of waste management policy

Reactive diffusion in Sc/Si multilayer X-ray mirrors with CrB2 barrier layers

Processes undergoing in Sc/Si multilayer X-ray mirrors (MXMs) with periods of ∼27 nm and barrier layers of CrB20.3- and 0.7-nm thick within the temperature range of 420–780 K were studied by methods of small-angle Xray reflectivity (λ = 0.154 nm) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. All layers with the exception of Sc ones are amorphous. Barrier layers are stable at least up to a temperature of 625 K and double the activation energy of diffusional intermixing at moderate temperatures. Introduction of barriers improves the thermal stability of Sc/Si MXMs at least by 80 degrees. Diffusion of Si atoms through barrier layers into Sc layers with formation of silicides was shown to be the main degradation mechanism of MXMs. A comparison of the stability for Sc/Si MXMs with different barriers published in the literature is conducted. The ways of further improvement of barrier properties are discusse

MICE SERUM CYTOKINE LEVEL UNDER MUCOSAL IMMUNIZATION WITH OPPORTUNISTIC MICROBIAL ANTIGENS

An important parameter of immunotropic preparation effect is the influence on the production of cytokines that provide the interaction between the effectors of both congenital and adaptive immunity. Cytokine level was determined in the work while using the methods of mucosal immunization with Immunovac-VP-4 and compared with the subcutaneous introduction of this preparation. In case of intranasal and peroral methods of antigen application IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12 expression was found to be elevated, the same was true for IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ under the subcutaneous immunization. Resulting mice cytokine profile confirmed that irrespective of the method of Immunovac introduction, the activation of immune effectors occurred that was manifested in the increase in proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels. It was concluded that the introduction of opportunistic microbial antigens initiated the activation of the cascade of immunologic reactions and under the influence of synthesized cytokines the polarization of immune response was involved that was predominantly of Th1 type

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF MUCOSAL IMMUNITY DEPENDING ON METHODS OF OPPORTUNISTIC MICROBIAL INTRODUCTION

Immunophenotypic and morphological peculiarities of immune reactions under intranasal, peroral and subcutaneous introduction of multicomponent vaccine Immunovac VP-4 containing a group of opportunistic bacterial antigens were investigated. The investigated preparation was found to cause marked activation of congenital immunity effectors both in parenteral and mucosal immunization. It is manifested in the expression of differential, costimulatory, adhesive molecules on the surface of mononuclear leukocytes in proliferation of key mucosal immunity effectors (γδТ, В1, NK cells), and changes in structure, cellular composition of immunocompetent organs both regional and distant as to the site of introduction. Currently existing data on effects and mechanisms of vaccine and immunomodulator mucosal introduction allows considering the development of mucosal mono- and associated vaccines as the priority direction in modern vaccinology